What does calibration refer to in remote sensing?

Calibration in remote sensing is primarily focused on the process of correcting sensor and atmospheric errors to ensure that the data collected by remote sensing instruments is accurate and reliable. In remote sensing, sensors capture data from the Earth's surface, and this data can be affected by various factors such as the sensor’s performance, atmospheric conditions, and environmental factors.

Through calibration, adjustments are made to account for discrepancies caused by these variables. This process involves using reference data from known sources or ground truthing activities to align the sensor output with actual conditions. Thus, by correcting these errors, the calibration process enhances the quality of the data and reduces potential inaccuracies in measurements, making it critical for applications like environmental monitoring, land-use assessment, and resource management.

The other options do not adequately define calibration within the context of remote sensing. Launching satellites is a distinct process that does not involve sensor corrections. Adjusting camera angles concerns photography and imaging but does not pertain to sensor data correction. Measuring distances on Earth, while important in remote sensing, does not directly relate to the concept of calibration itself.